[Conventional paraffin embedding technique and double-embedding technique for minute oral biopsies and delicate pulp tissue - a comparative study]. / Traditsionnyi metod zalivki v parafin i metod dvoinoi zalivki dlya malen'kikh bioptatov polosti rta i myagkikh tkanei pul'py ­ sravnitel'noe issledovanie.

BACKGROUND: Among oral biopsies, small incisional tissues, have to be preserved all through the processing and embedding to ensure optimal visualization of all the mucosal layers without compromise. Optimal tissue orientation is the most critical step in tissue processing for demonstration of definitive morphology in the sections, which is often more challenging in cases of minute/small or thinner sections using routine paraffin techniques to evaluate accurate diagnosis. Some modification is needed to handle these samples to get a better result. Double embedding technique with some modification has been widely used for small/ thin/ multiple biopsies and gives excellent results in many other fields like general pathology and biotechnology. The double embedding technique though produced excellent and significant results in mucosal biopsies yet, it is of minimal interest among oral pathologists. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use double embedding technique for pulp tissues. OBJECTIVE: The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the ease of embedding and sectioning sections using Agar-Paraffin double embedding technique for small oral mucosal biopsies and thin pulp tissues. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 40 oral tissue samples categorized into two groups were taken for the present study. Group I included 20 small oral mucosal biopsy samples of size ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 cm and Group II included 20 pulp tissues obtained from freshly extracted non carious tooth. 10 blocks were prepared by routine paraffin method and 10 blocks were prepared by modified double embedding method for each group. Scores were given by comparing all the criteria with that of the routine paraffin technique. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The average ease score for the Agar-Paraffin double embedded small/minute biopsies showed better scores than the pulp tissue with that of the routine technique. However, no statistically significant difference was seen among embedding and sectioning sections between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Modified double embedding method is simple and reliable alternative technique that helps in better orientation, processing and sectioning especially for oral small or thin biopsies and delicate pulp tissues.

Role of proteomics in physiologic and pathologic conditions of dentistry: Overview.

Proteomics is the study of structure and function of proteins in a large scale. For any living organism, preteins are considered to be the vital part because of its role in metabolic pathways of cells. These proteins not only play a role in physiological condition of the cell but also in altered manner during pathologic conditions. These altered proteins in diseased conditions are called as biomarkers. Several such biomarkers were identified in oral diseaes. This review is a brief note on proteins involved in odontogenesis and list of altered proteins proteins identified in various dental and oral diseases. The knowledge about the role of proteomics in dentistry and the importance of proteomic studies in early diagnosis and prognostic part of oral diseases helps in appliction of precised and sucessful treatment.